Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic inflammation of the nose, is a type of non-infectious nasal inflammation that occurs when the immune system overreacts to airborne allergens. It is considered a hypersensitivity reaction. Its seasonal type is known as hay fever. It presents with symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, itching, and runny nose.
Seasonal hay fever occurs when plants (trees, grasses, and other plants) bloom and release their pollen. In the spring, early-blooming trees cause hay fever. In the summer, it is caused by grasses, grains, and weeds. Fungi can also trigger hay fever as their spores are released into the air from early March to late November.
The global prevalence of hay fever has gradually increased in parallel with industrialization and urban development. Affecting 10–20% of the world’s population, allergic rhinitis has now become a widespread health problem. The consequences of the condition are multiform, ranging from reduced work capacity to a deterioration in the quality of life for those affected.
Allergic rhinitis particularly interferes with restful sleep, thereby impairing cognitive functions and causing increased irritability and fatigue.
It has been documented that this symptom is closely linked to reduced academic and professional performance, which is further exacerbated during periods of high pollen exposure.
In recent scientific discussions, researchers have identified the composition of microbial populations in our body as a key factor influencing complaints related to mucosal surfaces, such as the development and worsening of allergic diseases of the gut and nasal mucosa.
Microbial shift, also known as dysbiosis, can adversely affect the functioning of the immune system and trigger conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis.
The gut microbiome profile of the studied adults suffering from allergic rhinitis showed reduced microbial diversity compared to the control group, and certain microbes were present with different frequencies compared to a healthy gut flora.
The successful establishment and maintenance of a diverse gut microbiome serves as a strong barrier against the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.
However, its disruption—intestinal dysbiosis—induces changes in microbial metabolism and immune responses, and consequently, impacts the health of the entire human body.
The gut microbiome presumably exerts an influence on the immune status of the nasal mucosa as well, through the immune system, the metabolites produced (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), or through neurological interactions.
Scientific research indicates that metabolic byproducts of the gut microbiome can reach the nasal cavity through the bloodstream, influencing the immunological protective function of the nasal mucosa, and potentially affecting the prevalence and exacerbation of allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis. In addition, intestinal dysbiosis can lead to systemic inflammatory processes, which can affect distant organs—including the nasal passages—via the circulatory system.
The probable involvement of the gut microbiome in the phenomenon of allergic rhinitis suggests innovative strategies for symptom relief and quality of life improvement for those suffering from allergic rhinitis and hay fever, including dietary modifications, the use of pre- and probiotics, postbiotics, and other lifestyle changes.
If you are among those for whom the beginning of spring means constant sneezing and a runny nose, Vetom probiotic course packages may provide you help.
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